Reflection Paper On Ethics Reflection - 1730 Words

Ethics Reflection and Application Paper Laws, rules, and guidelines, whether implicit or explicit, have always existed to govern human behavior in both civilized and uncivilized societies. They may range from either Draconian or to Utopian in style and delivery, but they do exist. Some people view laws, rules, and guidelines as an infringement upon their rights as an individual to operate and function as they see fit while others view them as a necessary evil to maintain order and peace. One thing is for certain, if people always acted accordingly with judicial discrimination and impartial discernment then laws, rules, and guidelines on how best to behave would be pointless. Yet we know that this is not the case as history has plainly†¦show more content†¦It comes down to each individual, how they view the world, and what expectations they have of others as well as themselves. And even then, a person with good intentions and a good heart may break certain ethical codes inadvertently or unintentionally, but th ey will be broken nonetheless. So if my assumptions about people are correct, that even people with the best of intentions may fail to comply with ethical codes that seek to govern their behavior and actions why have such codes in the first place? People are going to make mistakes: This is just a fact of life. But how do we know if a person makes a mistake or if what they did was wrong? How is a person’s behavior measured and if deemed inappropriate or maladaptive by what means can consequences be decided and successively administered? The way a person’s behavior can be discerned as either right or wrong is by creating and subsequently implementing a standard of â€Å"norms and expectations for practitioners† which in the case of the helping professional will consequently â€Å"collectively minimize the risk of harm to clients and the general public† (Francis Dugger, 2014, p. 131). The Texas Administrative Code, (referred to hereafter as the Code or Codes) Title 22 (Examining Boards) Part 30, Chapter 681, relating to the licensing and regulation of professional counselors (LPC) and Part 35, Chapter 35, relating to the licensing and regulation of marriage and familyShow MoreRelatedEthics Reflection Paper785 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: ETHICS REFLECTION Ethics Reflection STR/581 Ethics Reflection In the last decade ethics has taken an important place in corporate America after some unethical and fraudulent business practices getting uncovered. Few companies’ such as Tyco, Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom have made their name synonymous with corporate fraud. Unethical behavior of top executives like Bernard Madoff and Martha Stewart can sink the whole company. This paper will explainRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper818 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: ETHICS REFLECTION PAPER Ethics Reflection Paper STR/581 September 30, 2012 Ethics Reflection Paper Social responsibility and ethics are essential elements in establishing a strategic plan while contemplating the needs of stakeholders. Social responsibility and ethics should be conceived as fundamental strategic concerns within organizations. Social responsibility and ethics have the potentiality to help an organization succeedRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1094 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Reflection Paper STR/581 July 26, 2010 University of Phoenix Ethics Reflection Paper Before WorldCom and Enron, many organizations unconditionally placed social and ethical responsibility with administrative legal and compliance obligations, regulations and rules. Today, a company’s ethical behavior is vital to the success of the company. Consumers not only expect but demand that a company is visible in their practices and are held accountable for their actions; be itRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1082 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Reflection Paper Lourdes Munoz STR/581 Strategic Planning Implementation September 2nd, 2010 Gary Solomon Abstract Ethics and Social responsibility resides in an important set of our own personal values. When it comes to Business matter and operation the customer must feel confidence and this has been taken for granted several times on recent corporate scandals and collapses, a perfect example of missed conducted ethic and responsibility is Enron. Is extremely important for companiesRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1087 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Reflection Paper Ethics and social responsibility are key factors when planning one’s personal life or planning for the success of a business. When companies develop strategic plans, they must consider what role ethics will play and how social responsibility will affect the plan keeping stakeholders need at the forefront. If businesses and individuals are making a conscious effort to display ethical behavior, ethical perspectives and beliefs should evolve over time much like what has happenedRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper767 Words   |  4 PagesEthics Reflection STR/581 Ethics Reflection Ethics have played a role in how companies have done business and conducted themselves but not as much as when Enron, WorldCom, Arthur Anderson were in the spot light for fraud. The companies hid valuable information from internal and external stakeholder and stockholders alike. The employees lost their retirement or at least some of their retirement to these unethical actions of top executives. The researcher will explain the role that ethics andRead MoreReflection And Philosophy Paper On Ethics1284 Words   |  6 PagesReflection and Philosophy Paper Michael Odom Institution Affiliation â€Æ' Reflection and Philosophy Paper In my personal and professional life, I have found that I subscribe to Deontology for an ethical theory. However, I did not come to hold this belief through detailed introspection in a moral philosophy classroom. Rather, it was part of the values that were inculcated in me by my father throughout my childhood. In particular, he always insisted on the importance of thinking about my actions inRead MoreEthics and Communication Reflection Paper1274 Words   |  6 Pagespatient education which was not completely addressed. Therefore in this paper I will be discussing the impact a nurse may have had on the case study, areas of shortage where I felt a nurse would have addressed the issue better, ethical positions that were dominantly discussed in the discussion and ways in which this case study contributed to the role of a nurse in areas of advocacy. â€Æ' Ethics Communication Reflection Paper Nurse as an Advocate The Case Study exercise allowed us to take a role thatRead MoreReflection Paper On Business Ethics2881 Words   |  12 Pages Arion 1 Anthony Arion Reflection Paper Business Ethics Jeffrey Muldoon, PhD 1 December 2015 Declaring a major in college is a big deal, but declaring that one is majoring in Business gives a whole new meaning to the word. About midway through the class, like a light bulb turned on, the true realization that there is much more to a business when you consider where you want to work or where you want to shop is a direct result of my BU 293: Ethics, Social Responsibility, and SustainabilityRead MorePersonal Ethics Reflection Paper2135 Words   |  9 PagesEthics is the study of how humans are in relationships with themselves and others (2012). Strong ethics comes from building community, respecting others, serving others, showing justice, and manifesting honesty (2016). With the ethical lens inventory, I believe in looking at relationships and life through a blend of responsibilities, rights and results. These ethical lenses are why I like to use my personal reasoning skills and intuition to balance between living into my flexible principles and determining

The role of information systems in Supply Chain Management.

The role of information systems in Supply Chain Management Introduction The purpose of this essay is to explore and evaluate the various approaches that can be taken to facilitate the management of supply chains. Supply Chain Management - A terminological background The Institute for Supply Chain Management has defined supply management as the identification, acquisition, access, positioning and management of resources an organisation needs or potentially needs in the attainment of its strategic objectives. The essence is a shift of focus away from business units such as warehouses or factories to a more holistic view of a supply chain. For a given company this might include parts suppliers, manufacturers, transport, logistics and†¦show more content†¦It need not stop there either, systems are available to transfer information between various trading partners; systems such as these are known as inter-organisational information systems (IOIS). The virtual corporate integration that results when such systems are adopted can lead to a reduction in what has been termed supply chain uncertainty. All companies within the IOIS will have a greater awareness of the state of play at any given time resulting in increased operational efficiency. The company that has access to this information is also going to be able to offer value added services to its customer such as order tracking. New approaches to manufacturing become possible such as Just-in-Time (JiT) and Build-to-Order (BTO). A large company is now able to react to a change request from a customer, giving more added value. Inventory Carrying unsold inventory costs U.S. businesses about $332 billion per year. As can be seen from the above statistic there is huge scope for clawing back lost potential revenue in this area. If, for example, at the end of a supply chain, company A is supplying vendor B; it is quite possible that both companies might keep a reserve surplus stock or worse still, they may both run out of stock. The solution here, as I hinted at earlier, is to share information between the companies or even to integrate systems. This has been implemented in a number of different ways; we shall examine VMI (VendorShow MoreRelated Apply Chain Management vs Traditional Mananagement Systens Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pages A. Approach The use of information technology by firms that want to gain competitive advantage has increased dramatically in the last twenty years. Large and small firms have been utilizing information systems to connect their internal business functions and the company’s activities to stakeholder such as suppliers and customers. (FORMAN WEB 13). Supply chain management and customer relationship management are some of the many systems used by firms to accomplish the aforementionedRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Case Study869 Words   |  4 PagesMicroeconomics 25 March 2015 Supply Chain Management Tom Greening once said, All management begins with planning† (Tom Greening). Those who study and research supply chain management will agree that the aforementioned quote holds true in their field. Companies looking to reduce their costs and better their customer service often look to implement supply chain management. In order to effectively execute successful supply chain management one must acknowledge the importance of demand management, communicationRead MoreInformation Technology and Supply Chain Management in Amazon.com684 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Information Technology and Supply Chain Management in Amazon.com Introduction The most critical component of the Amazon.com business model is the efficient, profitable performance of its supply chain. For online retailers who compete in high velocity sales environments, the ability to orchestrate suppliers across a very broad supply chain is critical for their continual profitable operation and growth (Albors-Garrigà ³s, Hervas-Oliver, Mà ¡rquez, 2009). Integral to this aspect of Amazons businessRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Supply Chains1476 Words   |  6 Pages1.3 Supply Chain Supply chains encompass the companies and the business activities needed to design, make, deliver, and use a product or service. Businesses depend on their supply chains to provide them with what they need to survive and thrive. Every business fits into one or more supply chains and has a role to play in each of them. The pace of change and the uncertainty about how markets will evolve has made it increasingly important for companies to be aware of the supply chains they participateRead MoreThe article describes about the supply chain management and various activities and programmes800 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the supply chain management and various activities and programmes involved in supply chain management. The author even explains different phases in the evolution of supply chain management. Mainly focuses on the 7 principals which bring host of competitive advantage to the company. Andersen consulting listed all the 7 principles and briefly explained them. The role of logist ic professionals and the use of technology in the implementation of the system. The relation between the information technologyRead MoreLogistics Of Logistics And Transportation1304 Words   |  6 PagesRole of Logistics and Transportation Kevin D. Walden Park University Ms. O’Quinn 29 November 2014 Logistics contributes to and moves the entire economy. Economic developments in recent years have led to the creation of complex company networks and systems of goods flow – in the process, the globalization of procurement, production and sales as well as the division of labor have increased. In addition, the complexity of international logistics systems in many sectors has grown as a resultRead MoreSupply Chain Management Of Supply Chains1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe supply chain, not just a simple competition between enterprises. In order to win the competition in the supply chain, which means it must be through the management of the supply chain. Currently supply chains become more integrated, more global, the high-speed development of information technology has become an important driving force. In this report will explore the development of supply chain management technologies and important role. Supply chain and technologies role Supply chain is theRead MoreSupply Chain Management Is The Flow Of Goods And Services Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Supply chain management is the flow of goods and services which involves the movement and storage of raw materials, manufacturing, and delivering finished products from point or origin to point of consumption. Organizations find the need to rely on supply chain networks to compete in the global market. In the previous decade, supply chain networks had very little role to play and was only dedicated to large brands or companies with international distribution. In case there was any disruptionRead MoreThe Supply Chain Of Honda Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesFrom above, the process of Honda’s supply chain in purchasing is very clear. Firstly, the purchasing division of Honda signs a purchase order with the component suppliers and then these suppliers determines the needed raw materials and sends a demand to Honda after receiving the order. The next is that Honda trading classifies these orders into different materials and signs a purchasing order with these raw materials factor ies. After then these factories send these raw materials to suppliers. FinallyRead MoreWal Mart s Supply Chain Management Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pages WAL-MART’S SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES Praseeda Sasanka Pisipati NUID :94862513 Table of Contents: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 A Brief History of Supply Chain Management (SCM)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....4 How Supply chain management influenced the retail business †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Gartner hype cycle and scope of SCM trends†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Supply Chain Management in the Gartner hype cycle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Mock Exam, English by Norwegian Student. Free Essays

string(123) " very much based on the internet, and more than 80% of the information stored on computers around the world is in English\." Mock Exam 1stc 7th of December 2012 By Gard Detlev Oksendal Task 1 1B 1. The three most important differences between the writing styles in the two texts (Appendices 2 and 4) Difference one: The biggest difference between Appendix 2 and 4 is the fact that Appendix 2 is a short novel, which we don’t know if it’s true or not compared to Appendix 4 who is an informative text with clear fact and reasoning. App 2 is taken from the book â€Å"the house on mango street†, which clearly is a novel in contrast to App 4 which is an article from Newsweek, 2011. We will write a custom essay sample on Mock Exam, English by Norwegian Student. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Difference two: App 2 is written in short sentences with many stops. The text is actually written a bit mysterious way. App 4 on the other hand is a coherent text, where the message of the text is clear. Difference three: In App 4 they use real – life stories to underline their facts. In contrast, App 2 is written out of Sandra Cisneros free fantasy and thoughts. Maybe this story is based on some kind of truth, but it doesn’t say anything about it. 2. The advantages as well as the disadvantages of moving abroad, seen from a young person’s point of view. Here are some of my arguments whether I think it is a good choice or not to move abroad as a young person. As far as I can think, there are much more advantages by moving abroad as a young person, rather than not moving. I have made two lists, one with advantages the other one with disadvantages: Advantages * You learn to know other cultures, which can be really positive. Not just for the knowledge, but also the fact that you as a human really can grow by knowing and accepting foreign cultures. * Of course it depends on the place you go, but let`s say for example that you are an American, who is considering moving to Asia, there are many good reasons to do so: * Asia is the up and coming in the world these days. If you are able to communicate with them in their native language, they often go in with more will in for example a negotiation, or simply just a small talk, getting to know the cute girl you saw at the club last night. Another language you might want to learn is German. Germans are some of the most organized and economic people in the world. If you know their native language, most people will meet you with open arms. * When I read through Appendix 4 in the booklet you handed out, I held on to one sentence which describes the situation in the world today in a very good way. Let me quote Jim Rodgers from the text â€Å"How to Raise a Global Kid† by Lisa Miller: â€Å"The money is in the East, the Debtors are in the West. I`d rather be with the creditors than the debtors. † * Even tough, English is becoming bigger and bigger as a second-language despite the big debt problems they have in the US. 200 million Chinese Schoolchildren are studying English, and in South Korea many parents lost their temper recently. The reasoning behind was that they wanted their kids to learn English at first grade, rather than in second as they practice today. Yes, English is really important as a world language up to this date, despite the fact that Asia is growing bigger and bigger, US drowning in their enormous debt that only increases with millions each minute you read this text. So your English will definitely help you when moving abroad. * Asia is just an advice to where you could move, but there are many different places you can go. So my advice to the yo uth out there who is considering moving abroad: Go for it! Disadvantages: * One of the disadvantages by moving abroad as young is the fact that you don’t get as much safety as you would get growing up in your own country. On some children, this can make a huge impact and even damage to them later in life. * Other cultures may get a bit too exotic, crazy and alien in some ways. You can get shocked; some are able handle it and even learn from it, some people are definitely not. So if you are a bit weak, a bit afraid of the unknown and other cultures, maybe you should consider it two times before moving abroad. * If you come to another country and don’t know the language, it can be a huge problem. You can’t assimilate and feel as comfortable as in your home country. You don’t get included in the community and you can feel a bit alone at school etc. * Another concern is the money. If your trip goes wrong, something happens, you may be loose a year of school and lots of money. Is it worth taking the risk? * Earlier today, I saw an example of how difficult it could be coming to another country, another culture. The movie â€Å"Bend it like Beckham† by Gruinder Chadha impart this in a beautiful and touching way. And for any of you who haven’t seen it, I’d like to recommend it strongly. Task 2 2B There are two main historical reasons of why English is the most wide – spoken language today. The first reason is the power of the US – not only in terms of war and economics, but also technology, movies, the internet and science. The other reason is the time where Queen Elisabeth 1st (1558 – 1603) and her England conquered the world. She established a global colonial empire, and introduced English as a world language. English is today the language which by far is the most used as a lingua franca. In more than 60 countries English is the official second language, but that is not the whole truth. The world today is very much based on the internet, and more than 80% of the information stored on computers around the world is in English. You read "Mock Exam, English by Norwegian Student." in category "Papers" Despite the fact that 350 million people use English as their first language today, it is by far not the most spoken first language. However, English today is the most important language in the world because of the simple fact that almost â€Å"everyone† knows a few worlds in English. I can’t stress it enough; English is by far the most important language today. Mandarin is really catching up, but English is still dominant. Mandarin is almost explicit used in China, and not so much as a lingua franca. The biggest factor of why English is as dominant as it is must be the internet. The internet is very much based on English. And the world is based on the internet. I addition to this, it is also used in many other important arenas. My task today is to present to you some of these arenas. * When it comes to business and matters of trade, the English language is really important. By studying English through a respected old school like Cambridge or Oxford, you can expect to be able to easily handle emails, memos, contracts, agreements and other resembling themes. The matter of fact is that when you have an education In English, you are more likely to easy pursue a to a business career. * Probably the greatest advantage of studying English would be in job matters. People who can speak English fluently, In addition to speak their native language are extremely attracted by companies of many types, especially the international ones. Courses with at least some quality in it, offer their students the opportunity to improve job prospects, the opportunity to communicate with others as well as the access to information all around the world. Another arena where English can be very useful is when movies or TV-shows. Most of the films made today are made in English, at least the ones from Hollywood. Understanding the plot will be much easier when knowing English. Subtitles in Norwegian or other languages can sometimes cause the meanings of words to be lost in the translation, and they can be a distraction to the action taking place on the screen. In addi tion to this, movies in other languages are often subtitled by English. * The fourth arena where English very much can be useful is when traveling. Most workers in the tourist line of business know at least a couple words English. From that platform it is much easier to communicate with other people when travelling. * Concerning the education arena, English is not only useful, it is almost necessary to know at bit English. According to the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training, there are more than 800 courses taught in English, just at the University of Oslo. There are lots of books in Norwegian. However, in college or university many of the books you have to read are written in English. According to the book â€Å"Gateways† by Eva Ulven and Audun Raugset two thirds of the world scientific findings are published in English. * The last thing I want to mention is that many manuals are written in English. Let`s say that you have bought a new TV for 30  000 dollars from America, and you don’t understand the manual, it will take a lot more effort and time to get your TV working. The world today is very much based around the mass – media, and most of the mass – media is written, spoken or sung in English. Yes, I repeat; sung. One of the main factors influencing us is the music. American rappers dominate the hit- lists today, and if anyone is even close to their dominance it must be the Englishmen. They aren’t just on the hit lists in their own country, but also in foreign countries like Norway. Another factor is that the community of YouTube and the social media such as Twitter, Instagram and Facebook are very much based on – and ruled by the English language and culture. Parallel to the growth of the internet, the power and importance of English is increasing every minute. In my eyes, Norway is one of the countries who are the most influenced by the American culture. We have taken lots of different American traditions, and made them ours. For example Halloween and Valentine’s Day are American traditions we are practicing here in Norway. I my opinion, that is really sad. Before kids used to go â€Å"julebukk†, but now a days people just don’t do â€Å"Julebukk† anymore – just because Halloween and other American traditions have taken over. American music is also really big in Norway, and artists like Eminem, Wiz Khalifa and Rihanna is what most of the Norwegian youth enjoy listening to. Gaming and internet is big part of our Norwegian community, and both are very much based on English. The two most played videogames in Norway, Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 and FIFA 13 are both on English, and have to say that I have learned much English from it myself. In Norway, people watch TV-series a lot, and most of them are in English. Most of them with Norwegian subtitles, but again the fact that they even showcase American series show us how important English is in Norway. So my conclusion based on what I have written, thought and read goes like this: English today is by far the most important language in the world, concerning business, travelling, education, culture and much, much more. However, languages like Mandarin and Indian is starting to catch up, just because of the simple matter of fact that the Chinese and Indian are increasing rapidly when speaking of population.. On the other hand, English is still increasing, just because of the western pop-culture. All the things I have mentioned – all the things we base our international community are based – and ruled by English. English is the dominant language in the world today, and I think it will be continuing as consistent as it is today at the top for many, many years in the future. How to cite Mock Exam, English by Norwegian Student., Papers

Innovation in Commoditized Service Industries

Question: Discuss about the Innovation in Commoditized Service Industries. Answer: Introduction: Industry analysis helps an organization to develop an understanding of its position and growth in comparison to other organizations operating within the same industry. The size of travel and tourism industry is increasing rapidly and thus has become one of the fastest growing economic sectors across the world. This in turn is responsible for the growth and expansion of airline industry with increase in number of airline passengers on yearly basis. As per the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the size of airline industry has almost doubled over the past decade. The fact can be supported by the growth in revenue of the airline industry from $369 billion to $746 billion from the year 2004 to 2014 (2015 Aviation Trends, 2017). New Zealand has become a part of the global aviation community and thus is in a strong position to take advantage of the growth and development of the aviation sector. The strong economic growth of the country with gross domestic product (GDP) increas ing by 3.6% every year is also supporting the growth and development of its aviation sector (Global aviation market outlook and NZ, 2016). The aviation sector of New Zealand (NZ) accounts for about 11.8 billion to the GDP of the country. The aviation sector of NZ provides services to about 19million passengers across the world with over 32,700 international flights destined for 35 airports in about 24 countries. The industry also provides employment to about 13,000 people domestically and thus supports the economic growth of the country to a large extent (Economic Benefits from Air Transport in New Zealand, 2011). The strategic position of airline industry of New Zeeland can be analyzed and examined through porter five forces model. Porter five forces model is a tool that analysis the level of competition in an industry and helps improving the business performance (Dominick, 2005). The industrial analysis of airline industry of Air New Zealand is carried out through porter five forces model as follows: Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The airline industry has many airlines but the suppliers are only few such as Boeing and Airbus. Thus, bargaining power of suppliers is high for industry as the airline market is dominated by the presence of few giant suppliers (Gillen et al., 2016). Bargaining Power of Buyers: The buyers for the airline constitute entire population of New Zealand and other people from different countries using the airline services. Thus, bargaining power of buyers is relatively high for industry (Gillen et al., 2016). Threat of New Entrants: The airline industry has very high entry barriers due to high investment required to operate in the industry. Thus, threat if new entrants is relatively low for industry (Gillen et al., 2016). Threat of Substitutes: The main substitutes for the airline industry include roads, railways and waterways. However, air transport is still recognized to be the fastest mode of transport and thus threat of substitutes can be regarded to b medium for industry (Gillen et al., 2016). Competitive Rivalry: The competitive rivalry is regarded to be high for airline industry of New Zealand as there are many airlines providing same product and services such as Qantas Airways, Virgin Blue and Emirates. The high competitive rivalry in the airline industry results in lowering the prices and thus impacting the profitability position of industry (Rothkopf, 2009). Business Strategy Air New Zealand is currently emphasizing on making structural changes for increasing its customer base and enhancing its global presence. This is done mainly for growing pressure on the airline industry to reduce costs and improve operational efficiency for achieving competition position in the global market. The airline, in this context, is also focusing on reducing the customer fares by significantly lowering its operational costs through simplifying its products and services. The lower customer fare will help the airline to achieve customer attraction and thereby increasing customer base. The new strategic direction of the airline is to achieve long-term sustainable growth through maximizing value delivered to its customers, employees and shareholders (Dominick, 2005). The company is also aiming to enhance its operational efficiency through adopting strong corporate governance policies that guides carrying out daily operational activities of the company. The company has written po licies and procedures for conducting its business operations and also to meet disclosure requirements of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) (AIR NEW ZEALAND Annual Financial Results, 2016). The company has adopted an effective system of risk management and internal control for operating its business functions efficiently through effective management of internal risks. In addition to this, the company is also presently emphasizing on implementing changes in its organizational culture to develop and maintain a healthy workplace environment. For this, the airline is focusing largely on developing diverse workforce with increase in female representation and has set a target to achieve 40% womens on the Senior Leadership Team (SLT). The airline has also established some key metrics and diversity dashboard for developing a better understanding of areas of opportunities in relation to create an inclusive and collaborative culture (AIR NEW ZEALAND Annual Financial Results, 2016). References 2015 Aviation Trends. 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/trends/2015-aviation-trends About Air New Zealand. 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017, from https://www.airnewzealand.com.au/corporate-profile AIR NEW ZEALAND Annual Financial Results. 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://p-airnz.com/cms/assets/PDFs/air-new-zealand-corporate-governance-statement-2016.pdf Dominick, M. 2005. Air New Zealand: Strategic Analysis and Recommendations. GRIN Verlag. Economic Benefits from Air Transport in New Zealand. 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://www.iata.org/policy/Documents/Benefits-of-Aviation-New-Zealand-2011.pdf Gillen, D. et al. 2016. Liberalization in Aviation: Competition, Cooperation and Public Policy. Routledge. Global aviation market outlook and NZ. 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1609/S00523/global-aviation-market-outlook-and-nz.htm Rothkopf, M. 2009. Innovation in Commoditized Service Industries: An Empirical Case Study Analysis in the Passenger Airline Industry. LIT Verlag Mnster.